iH(Yadt2tetetl»rtty 


EXHIBITION  OF 


INDUSTRY  OF  ALL  NATIONS 


TO  BE  HELD  IN 

LONDON, 

1851. 


WASHINGTON: 

PRINTED  BY  ROBERTA.  WATERS. 

1850. 


CENTRAL  COMMITTEE 


FOR  THE 


UNITED  STATES 


ON  THE 


EXHIBITION  OF 

INDUSTRY  OF  ALL  NATIONS, 

TO  BE  HELD  IN 

LONDON, 

1851. 


WASHINGTON: 

PRINTED  BY  ROBERT  A.  WATERS. 

1850. 


CENTRAL  COMMITTEE 


FOR  THE 

UNITED  STATES 

ON  THE 

EXHIBITION  OF  INDUSTRY  OF  ALL  NATIONS,  TO  BE 
HELD  IN  LONDON,  1851. 


For  the  information  of  all  who  are  interested  in  the 
London  Industrial  Exhibition,  the  Central  Committee  for 
the  United  States  have  thought  proper  to  publish  the  fol¬ 
lowing  proceedings,  correspondence,  &c,  which  will 
make  known  the  nature  and  object  of  their  appointment, 
and  the  mode  in  which  they  propose  to  execute  the  trust 
committed  to  them. 

Meeting  of  the  Central  Committee  for  the  United  States, 

Pursuant  to  notice  given,  the  Central  Committee  met  at  the  rooms  of 
the  National  Institute,  on  Thursday  evening,  the  13th  instant,  at  8  o’clock. 

The  meeting  was  called  to  order  by  Professor  Walter  R.  Johnson, 
on  whose  motion  Peter  Force,  was  called  to  the  chair,  and  Chas,  F. 
Stansbury  chosen  Secretary  of  the  meeting. 

This  temporary  organization  having  been  effected,  the  committee  pro¬ 
ceeded  to  organize  permanently  by  the  appointment  of  the  Hon.  Mil¬ 
lard  Fillmore,  Vice  President  of  the  United  States,  Chairman,  and 
Professor  Walter  R.  Johnson,  Secretary. 

The  following  papers  were  read  in  explanation  of  the  appointment 
and  duties  of  the  committee : 

State  Department, 
Washington^  May  VI th^  1850, 

To  iht  President  of  the  National  Institute 
for  the  Promotion  of  Science, 

Sir:  I  have  the  honor  herewith  to  transmit  copies  of  a  correspondence 
which  has  taken  place  between  the  Minister  Plenipotentiary  of  her 


4 


Majesty  the  Clueen  of  Great  Britain  and  this  Department,  relative  to  the 
proposed  Industrial  Exhibition  to  be  held  in  London  in  the  year  1851. 

From  the  circular  of  the  Royal  Commissioners  of  Great  Britain,  hereto 
annexed,  it  will  be  observed,  that  all  objects  intended  to  be  introduced  from 
foreign  countries  and  entered  for  that  exhibition  are  required  to  have  been 
first  submitted  to,  and  approved  by,  a  central  authority  or  commission  of 
the  country  from  which  they  shall  be  brought,  and  that  no  other  will  be 
recognized  as  a  central  authority  except  such  as  shall  have  been  so  cer¬ 
tified  by  the  Government  of  the  country  in  which  it  exists. 

That  American  industry  and  arts  may  be  enabled  to  appear  in  the 
place  allotted  to  them,  it  will  be  indispensable  that  a  recognized  central 
authority  should  be  constituted  ;  and  I  am  under  the  impression  that  the 
National  Institute,  having  been  regularly  incorporated  by  act  of  Con¬ 
gress,  and  being  habitually  engaged  in  matters  pertaining  to  the  arts  and 
sciences,  is  the  proper  body  for  taking  the  initiative  in  constituting  such 
a  central  authority. 

I  therefore  beg  leave  to  submit  to  its  consideration  the  interesting  and 
important  subject  which  has  been  brought  to  the  attention  of  this  Depart¬ 
ment  by  the  distinguished  Envoy  of  her  Majesty’s  Government,  and  to 
request  such  action  or  suggestions  as  may  seem  necessary  in  order  that 
the  natural  productions,  the  ingenuity,  industry,  and  arts  of  the  United 
States  may  be  fully  and  suitably  represented  on  the  interesting  occasion 
herein  referred  to. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  very  respectfully,  yours, 

JOHN  M.  CLAYTON. 

This  communication  was  laid  before  the  National  Institute,  and  by  it 
referred  to  a  select  committee,  which  brought  in  the  following  report: 

The  special  committee,  to  which  was  referred  the  communication  from 
the  Hon.  John  M.  Clayton,  Secretary  of  State,  relative  to  the  forma¬ 
tion  of  a  central  authority  for  transmitting  articles  to  the  Industrial  Ex¬ 
hibition  to  be  held  in  London  in  1851,  offers  the  following 

Report: 

The  committee,  impressed  with  the  importance  of  the  subject  commend¬ 
ed  to  the  Institute,  have  given  to  it  their  earnest  and  careful  attention. 

The  resources,  the  ingenuity,  the  industry,  and  arts  of  the  United 
States  are  conceived  to  merit  the  best  endeavors  to  procure  for  them  op¬ 
portunities  of  being  adequately  represented  in  the  great  Industrial  Exhi¬ 
bition  at  London. 

Agreeably  to  the  programme  adopted  by  the  Royal  Commission,  no 
articles  are  to  be  received  from  Foreign  Exhibitors  except  those  which 


5 


♦ 


shall  have  been  approved  by  a  central  authority,  recognized  as  such  by 
the  Government  of  the  country  from  -which  they  are  sent. 

This  Institute  being  the  only  Society  for  the  Promotion  of  Science  and 
the  Arts,  directly  incorporated  by  the  Government,  the  Secretary  of  State 
has  deemed  it  the  appropriate  body  to  take  action  or  make  suggestions 
relative  to  the  fulfilment  of  the  wishes  of  the  Royal  Commissioners,  by 
the  establishment  of  such  a  central  authority  as  the  case  seems  to  require. 

To  this  voluntary  proposal  on  the  part  of  the  Secretary  of  State,  the 
committee  consider  the  National  Institute  in  duty  bound  to  respond. 

In  accordance  with  this  view  the  comnfittee  respectfully  recommend 
the  following  resolutions. 

1.  Resolved^  That  the  Institute  will  take  action  on  the  subject  sub¬ 
mitted  to  it  by  the  Department  of  State. 

2.  Resolved,  That  the  Institute  do  now  proceed  to  constitute  a  com¬ 
mittee  suitable  to  be  recognized  by  the  Government  as  a  central  body  to 
hold  correspondence  with  the  British  Commissioners,  and  to  secure  the 
reception  of  American  productions  at  the  proposed  Industrial  Exhibition 
in  London. 

PETER  FORCE,  1 

JOSEPH  HENRY,  \ 

WALTER  R.  JOHNSON,  [.Committee. 
J.  J.  GREENHOUGH,  I 

CHARLES  WILKES.  J 


These  resolutions,  together  with  others  relating  to  the  same  subject, 
were  adopted  by  the  Institute,  and  the  result  communicated  to  the  Secre¬ 
tary  of  State  by  the  corresponding  Secretary  in  the  following  letter : 

National  Institute, 
WashingioTij  May  27th,  1850. 

Sir  :  I  have  the  honor  to  make  known  to  the  Department  of  State  the 
action  which  this  Institute  has  taken  on  the  subject  of  your  communica¬ 
tion  of  the  17th  instant.  That  action  is  comprised  in  the  following  re¬ 
solutions,  unanimously  adopted  after  full  discussion  at  the  meeting  held 
this  evening. 

Resolved^  That  the  Institute  will  take  action  on  the  subject  submit¬ 
ted  to  it  by  the  Department  of  State. 

Resolved,  That  the  Institute  do  now  proceed  to  constitute  a  commit¬ 
tee  suitable  to  be  recognized  by  the  Government  to  hold  correspondence 


6 


with  the  British  Commissioners,  and  to  secure  the  reception  of  American 
productions  at  the  proposed  Industrial  Exhibition  in  London. 

“  Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  not  less  than  nineteen  be  appointed 
to  constitute  a  Central  Committee  on  the  Industrial  Exhibition,  and  to 
correspond  ^with  societies  and  local  committees  throughout  the  United 
States. 

‘‘  Resolved,  That  the  President  of  this  Institute  be  a  member  of  the 
Central  Committee. 

Resolved^  That  the  Corresponding  Secretary  communicate  to  the 
Secretary  of  State  a  copy  of  the  foregoing  resolutions,  together  with  the 
names  of  the  Central  Committee.’’ 

The  following  are  the  names  of  the  members  of  the  Central  Commit¬ 
tee  appointed  in  accordance  with  the  foregoing  resolutions :  / 

Hon.  Millard  Fillmore,  Vice  President  of  the  United  States,  and  ex 
officio  Chancelldr  of  the  Regents  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution. 

Col.  Peter  Force,  President  of  the  National  Institute. 

Hon.  James  A,  Pearce,  Untted  States  Senate,  member  of  the  board  of 
Regents  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution, 

Hon.  Levi  Woodbury,  Member  of  the  National  Institute,  Associate 
Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States. 

Commodore  Lewis  Warrington,  United  States  Navy,  Member  of  the 
National  Institute,  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Ordnance  and  Hydrography. 
Prof  Joseph  Henry,  Vice  President  of  the  National  Institute,  Secre¬ 
tary  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution. 

Prof  Walter  R.  Johnson,  Corresponding  Secretary  of  the  National 
Institute. 

Prof  Alexander  D.  Bache,  Member  of  the  National  Institute,  Mem¬ 
ber  of  the  Board  of  Regents  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  and  Super¬ 
intendent  of  the  Coast  Survey. 

Commander  Charles  Wilkes,  United  States  Navy,  Member  of  the 
National  Institute,  late  Commander  U.  S.  Exploring  Expedition. 

Hon.  William  W.  Seaton,  Member  of  the  National  Institute,  Mayor 
of  Washington. 

Hon.  Jefferson  Davis,  United  States  Senate,  Member  of  the  Board  of 
Regents  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution. 

Lieut.  Mathew  F.  Maury,  United  States  Navy,  Vice  President  of  the 
National  Institute,  and  Superintendent  of  the  National  Observatory. 

J.  James  Greenough,  Esq.,  Member  of  the  National  Institute. 
Charles  F.  Stansbury,  Esq.,  Recording  Secretary  of  the  National 
Institute. 


7 


Col.  J.  J.  Abert,  Member  of  the  National  Institute,  Chief  of  the  Topo¬ 
graphical  Bureau. 

Gen.  Joseph  G.  Totten,  Vice  President  of  the  National  Institute,  Chiel 
Engineer  of  the  United  States  Army. 

Thomas  Ewbank,  Esq.,  Commissioner  of  Patents. 

William  Easby,  Esq.,  Treasurer  National  Institute.. 

Leonard  D.  Gale,  M.  D.,  Member  of  the  National  Institute,  Examiner 
of  Patents.  ^ 

Joseph  C.  G.  Kennedy,  Esq.,  Member  of  the  National  Institute,  Super¬ 
intendent  of  Census. 

Ezra  C.  Seaman,  Esq.,  Member  of  the  National  Institute. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

WALTER  R.  JOHNSON, 
Cor.  Secretary  of  the  National  Institute. 

Hon.  John  M.  Clayton,  Secretary  of  State. 


Department  of  State. 

Washington,  June  8.  1850. 

Sir;  I  have  duly  received  your  letter  of  the  27th  ultimo,  communica¬ 
ting  to  this  Department  the  proceedings  of  the  National  Institute  on  the 
subject  of  my  note  of  the  17th  of  the  same  month.  Those  proceedings 
appear  to  me  to  be  perfectly  satisfactory ;  and  I  have  accordingly  trans¬ 
mitted  them  to  the  British  Minister  in  this  city,  with  the  communication 
a  copy  of  which  is  enclosed  for  your  information. 

I  am,  sir,  respectfully,  your  obedient  s6rvant. 


JOHN  M.  CLAYTON. 


Walter  R.  Johnson,  Esq., 

Corresponding  Secretary  of  the  National  Institute. 


Department  of  State, 

Washington,  June  1,  1850. 

Sir  ;  I  have  the  honor  to  transmit  to  you  herewith  a  copy  of  the  cor¬ 
respondence  which  has  passed  between  this  Department  and  the  National 
Institute  for  the  Promotion  of  Science,  respecting  the  organization  of  a 
committee  to  constitute  the  central  authority  required  by  the  regulations 
of  the  Royal  Commission  on  the  proposed  Industrial  Exhibition,  to  cor¬ 
respond  with  them  in  London,  and  with  societies,  local  committees,  and 
individuals  in  this  country,  and  to  sanction  the  forwarding  of  articles  ap¬ 
plicable  to  the  exhibition. 

I  need  hardly  say  to  you,  sir,  that  the  proceedings  of  the  National 
Institute,  as  set  forth  in  this  correspondence,  meet  the  approbation  of  the 


8 


Department,  which  has  full  confidence  in  the  committee  named  by  that 
Institute. 

I  avail  myself  of  this  opportunity  to  renew  to  you  the  assurance  of  my 
high  and  distinguished  consideration. 

JOHN  M.  CLAYTON. 
Right  Honorable  Sir  H.  L.  Bulwer,  &c. 


Extract  from  the  Circular  of  the  Royal  Commissioners. 

“  The  Commissioners  have  felt  that  it  would  be  desirable,  as  far  as  pos¬ 
sible,  to  prevent  any  persons  from  sending  hither  articles  which  cannot 
be  admitted,  rather  than  to  reject  the  articles  after  their  arrival  in  Lon¬ 
don.  They  feel  also  that  the  delicate  and  responsible  task  of  deciding  on 
the  admission  or  rejection  of  articles  destined  for  exhibition  by  foreign 
contributors  ought  not  to  be  imposed  upon  any  English  tribunal,  but  should 
be  referred  to  one  having  the  confidence  of  the  exhibitors  themselves,  and 
standing  entirely  free  from  possible  imputations  of  national  partiality. 
They  accordingly  propose  to  admit  to  exhibition  such  foreign  articles  only 
as  may  be  forwarded  to  them  by  the  Central  Authority  (whatever  may 
be  its  nature,)  in  each  country.  They  will  communicate  to  such  Central 
Authority  the  amount  of  space  which  can  be  allowed  to  the  productions 
of  the  country  for  which  it  acts,  and  will  also  state  the  conditions  and 
limitations  which  may  from  time  to  time  be  decided  on  with  respect  to  the 
admission  of  articles.  All  articles  forwarded  by  such  Central  Authority 
will  then  be  admitted,  provided  they  do  not  require  a  greater  aggregate 
amount  of  space  than  that  assigned  to  the  productions  of  the  country 
from  which  they  come ;  and,  provided,  also,  that  they  do  not  violate  the 
conditions  and  limitations  of  which  due  notice  shall  have  been  given.  It 
will  rest  with  the  Central  Authority  in  each  country  to  decide  upon  the 
merits  of  the  several  articles  presented  for  exhibition,  and  to  take  care 
that  those  which  are  sent  are  such  as  fairly  represent  the  industry  of 
their  fellow  countrymen. 

“  Her  Majesty’s  Commissioners  will  consider  that  to  be  the  Central 
Authority  in  each  case  which  is  stated  to  he  so  by  the  government  of  its 
country.  Having  once  been  put  in  communication  with  a  Central  Au. 
thority  in  any  country,  they  must  decline,  ahsolwtely  and  entirely^  any 
communication  with  private  and  unauthorized  individuals ;  and,  should 
any  such  be  addressed  to  them,  they  can  only  refer  it  to  the  central  body. 
This  decision  is  essentially  necessary  in  order  to  prevent  confusion. 

“  No  articles  of  foreign  manufacture,  to  whomsoever  they  may  belong, 
or  wheresoever  they  may  be,  can  be  admitted  for  exhibition  unless  they 
come  with  the  sanction  of  the  Central  Authority  of  the  country  of  which 


0 


they  are  the  produce.  The  Commissioners  do  not  insist  upon  such  arti¬ 
cles  being  in  all  cases  actually  forwarded  by  the  Central  Authority,  though 
they  consider  that  this  would  generally  be  the  most  satisfactory  arrange¬ 
ment;  but  it  is  indispensable  that  the  sanction  of  such  authority  should 
in  all  cases  be  expressly  given,  and  that  it  be  held  responsible  for  the  fit¬ 
ness  of  such  articles  for  exhibition,  and  for  not  authorizing  the  exhibition 
of  a  greater  quantity  than  can  be  accommodated  in  the  space  assigned  to 
the  productions  of  the  country  in  question.” 

A  full  discussion  was  then  had  of_the  subject  thus  laid  before  the 
committee,  and,  on  motion  of  the  Hon.  W.  W.  Seaton,  it  was 

Resolved,  That  the  committee  of  five  first  charged  with  this  subject 
by  the  Institute  (substituting  Mr.  Kennedy  for  Mr.  Greenough,  who 
is  absent)  be  an  Executive  Committee  to  take  all  necessary  steps  to  carry 
out  the  views  of  the  general  committee. 

The  following  gentlemen  constitute  the  Executive  Committee  :  Col- 
Peter  Force,  Prof.  Walter  R.  Johnson,  Prof.  Joseph  Henry,  J. 
C.  G.  Kennedy,  Esq.,  Capt.  Charles  Wilkes. 

On  motion, 

Resolved^  That  the  Secretary  be  requested  to  prepare  the  proceedings 
of  this  meeting  for  publication. 

And  the  Committee  adjourned. 

CHAS.  F.  STANSBURY, 

Secretary  of  the  Meeting. 

CORRESPONDENCE. 

SIR.  H.  L.  BULWER  TO  HON.  J.  M.  CLAYTON. 

British  Legation, 
Washington,  March  9,  1850. 

Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  transmit  to  you  herewith  a'  copy  of  a  com¬ 
mission  which  her  Majesty,  the  Oueen,  has  been  pleased  to  issue,  for  the 
purpose  of  promoting  an  exhibition  in  England  for  the  works  of  industry 
of  all  nations. 

I  enclose  also  a  copy  of  a  letter  which  has  been  addressed  to  the  For¬ 
eign  Office  by  the  Board  of  Trade,  describing  the  nature  of  the  proposed 
exhibition,  and  stating,  with  regard  to  those  foreign  countries  from  whence 
articles  are  likely  to  be  sent  for  exhibition,  that  the  Commissioners  are 
anxious  to  be  placed  in  communication  with  such  persons  or  bodies  wha 
may  be  authorized  to  act  on  behalf  of  those  persons  who  wish  to^  become 
exhibitors. 

It  is  proposed  that  the  exhibition  in  question  shall  take  place  in  London 
in  the  early  part  of  the  year  1851,  and  I  have  been  instructed  to  express 
2 


10 


to  you  the  eonriction,  on  the  part  of  her  Majesty’s  Government,  that 
United  States  Government  will  be  well  disposed  to  promote  the  success 
of  this  undertaking,  and  to  request  that  you  will  kindly  enable  me  to  comply 
with  the  wish  expressed  by  the  Board  of  Trade  on  the  part  of  the  Commis¬ 
sioners. 

I  avail  myself  of  this  opportunity  to  renew  to  you  the  assurance  of 
my  highest  consideration. 

H.  L.  BULWER, 

Honorable  J.  M.  Clayton,  &c> 


COMMISSION  OF  THE  QUEEN, 

Whitehall,  January  3, 1850. 

The  Queen  has  been  pleased  to  issue  the  following  commission  for  the 
promotion  of  the  exhibition  of  the  works  of  industry  of  all  nations,  to  be 
holden  in  the  year  1851,  videlicet : 

VICTORIA,  K 

Victoria,  by  the  grace  of  God,  of  the  United  Kingdom  of  Great 
Britain  and  Ireland,  Queen,  Defender  of  the  Faith ;  to  our  most  dearly 
beloved  consort,  His  Royal  Highness  Francis  Albert  Augustus  Charles* 
Emanuel  Duke  of  Saxony,  Prince  of  Saxe  Coburg  and  Gotha,  knight  of 
our  most  noble  order  of  the  garter,  and  field  marshal  in  our  army  ;  our 
right  trusty  and  right  entirely  beloved  cousin  and  councillor,  Walter 
Francis  Duke  of  Buecleuch  and  Queensberry, knight  of  our  most  noble 
order  of  the  garter  ;  &c.,  &c.,  Ac.,  greeting: 

Whereas  the  Society  for  the  Promotion  of  Arts,  Manufactures  and 
Commerce,  incorporated  by  our  royal  charter,  of  which  our  most  dearly 
beloved  consort,  the  Prince  Albert,  is  president,  have  of  late  years  insti¬ 
tuted  annual  exhibitions  of  the  works  of  British  art  and  industry,  and 
have  proposed  to  establish  an  enlarged  exhibition  of  the  works  of  indus¬ 
try  of  all  nations, 'to  be  holden  in  London  in  the  year  one  thousand  eight  hun¬ 
dred  and  fifty  one,  at  which  prizes  and  medals,  to  the  value  of  at  least  twenty 
thousand  pounds  sterling,  shall  be  awarded  to  the  exhibitors  of  the  most 
meritorious  works  then  brought  forward ;  and  have  invested  in  the  names 
of  our  right  trusty  and  entirely  beloved  cousin  Bpencer  Joshua  Alwyne, 
Marquess  of  Northampton^  our  right  trusty  and  right  well  beloved  cousin 
and  councillor  George  William  Frederick,  earl  of  Clarendon,  knight  of 
our  most  noble  order  of  the  garter ;  our  trusty  and  well-beloved  Sir  John 
Peter  Boileau,  baronet,  and  James  Courthope  Pcache,  esq,,  the  sum  of 
twenty  thousand  pounds  to  be  awarded  irk  prizes  and  medals  as  aforesaid ; 


/ 


,n 

jand  have  appointed  our  trusty  and  well-beloved  Arthur  Kelt  Barclay, 
•esquire,  William  Cotton,  esquire,  Sir  John  William  Lubbock,  baronet* 
Samuel  Morton  Peto,  esquire,  and  Baron  Lionel  De  Rothschild,  to  be  the 
treasurers  for  all  receipts  arising  from  donations,  subscriptions,  or  any 
other  source,  on  behalf  of,  or  towards  the  said  exhibition ;  our  trusty  and 
well-beloved  Peter  le  Neve  Foster,  Joseph  Payne,  and  Thomas  Wink- 
worth,  esquires,  to  be  the  treasurers  for  payment  of  all  executive  expenses; 
and  our  trusty  and  well-beloved  Henry  Cole,  Charles  Wentworth  Dilke» 
the  younger,  George  Drew,  Francis  Fuller,  and  Robert  Stephenson,  esqs.^ 
with  our  trusty  and  well-beloved  Matthew  Digby  Wyatt,  esquire,  as  their 
secretary,  to  be  an  executive  committee  for  carrying  the  said  exhibition 
into  effect,  under  the  direction  of  our  most  dearly  beloved  consort. 

And  whereas  the  said  Society  for  the  promotion  of  Arts,  Manufactures, 
and  Commerce  have  represented  unto  us,  that,  in  carrying  out  the  objects 
proposed  by  the  said  exhibition,  many  questions  may  arise  regarding  the  in¬ 
troduction  of  productions  into  our  kingdom  from  our  colonies  and  from 
foreign  countries;  also  regarding  the  site  for  the  said  exhibition,  and  the 
best  mode  of  conducting  the  said  exhibition;  likewise  regarding  the  de¬ 
termination  of  the  nature  of  the  prizes,  and  the  means  of  securing  the 
most  impartial  distribution  of  them ;  and  have  also  besought  us  that  we 
would  be  graciously  pleased  to  give  our  sanction  to  this  undertaking,  in 
order  that  it  may  have  the  confidence,  not  only  of  all  classes  of  our  sub¬ 
jects,  but  of  the  subjects  of  foreign  countries  : 

Now,  know  ye,  that  we,  considering  the  premises,  and  earnestly  desir- 
ing  to  promote  the  proposed  exhibition,  which  is  calculated  to  be  of  great 
benefit  to  arts,  agriculture,  manufactures,  and  commerce,  and  reposing 
great  trust  and  confidence  in  your  fidelity,  discretion,  and  integrity,  have 
authorized  and  appcynted,  and  by  these  presents  do  authorize  and  appoint 
you  our  most  dearly  beloved  consort  Francis  Albert  Augustus  Charles 
Emanuel,  Duke  of  Saxony,  Prince  of  Saxe  Coburg  and  Gotha ;  you  Walter 
Francis,  Duke  of  Buccleuch  and  Glueensberry ;  &c.,  &c.,  to  make  full  and 
diligent  inquiry  into  the  best  mode  by  which  the  productions  of  our  colo¬ 
nies,  and  of  foreign  countries  may  be  introduced  into  our  kingdom ;  as 
respects  the  most  suitable  site  for  the  said  exhibition;  the  general  conduct 
of  the  said  exhibition ;  and  also  into  the  best  mode  of  determining  the 
nature  of  the  prizes,  and  of  securing  the  most  impartial  distribution  of 
them. 

And  to  the  end  that  our  royal  will  and  pleasure  in  the  said  inquiry 
may  be  duly  prosecuted,  and  with  expedition,  we  further,  and  by  these 
preseats,  will  and  command,  and  do  hereby  give  full  power  and  authority 


12 


to  you,  or  any  three  or  more  of  you,  to  nominate  and  appoint  such  seve¬ 
ral  persons  of  ability,  as  you  may  think  fit  to  be  local  commissioners,  in 
such  parts  of  our  kingdom,  and  in  foreign  parts,  as  you  may  think  fit, 
to  aid  you  in  the  premises ;  which  said  local  commissioners,  or  any  of 
them,  shall  and  may  be  removed  by  you,  or  any  three  or  more  of  you, 
from  time  to  time,  at  your  will  and  pleasure,  full  power  and  authority  be¬ 
ing  hereby  given  to  you,  or  any  three  or  more  of  you,  to  appoint  others 
in  their  places  respectively : 

And  furthermore,  we  do,  by  these  presents,  give  and  grant  to  you,  or 
any  three  or  more  of  you,  full  power  and  authority  to  call  before  you,  or 
any  three  or  more  of  you,  all  such  persons  as  you  shall  judge  necessary 
by  whom  you  may  be  the  better  informed  of  the  truth  of  the  premises, 
and  to  inquire  of  the  premises,  and  every  part  thereof,  by  all  lawful  ways 
and  means  whatsoever. 

And  our  further  will  and  pleasure  is  that,  for  the  purpose  of  aiding  you 
in  the  execution  of  these  premises,  we  hereby  appoint  our  trusty  and 
well-beloved  John  Scott  Russell  and  Stafford  Henry  Northcote,  esquires, 
to  be  joint  secretaries  to  this  our  commission. 

And  for  carrying  into  effect  what  you  shall  direct  to  be  done  in  respect 
of  the  said  exhibition,  we  hereby  appoint  the  said  Henry  Cole,  Charles 
Wentworth  Dilke,  the  younger,  George  Drew,  Francis  Fuller  and  Rob¬ 
ert  Stephenson,  to  be  the  executive  committee  in  the  premises,  and  the  said 
Matthew  Digby  Wyatt  to  be  secretary  of  the  said  executive  committee. 

And  our  further  will  and  pleasure  is  that  you,  or  any  three  or  more 
of  you,  when  and  so  often  as  need  or  occasion  shall  require,  so  long  as 
this  our  commission  shall  continue  in  force,  do  report  to  us,  in  writing,  un¬ 
der  your  hands  and  seals  respectively,  all  and  every  of  the  several  proceed¬ 
ings  of  yourselves  had  by  virtue  of  these  presents,  together  with  such 
other  matters,  if  any,  as  may  be  deserving  of  our  royal  consideration 
touching  or  concerning  the  premises. 

And,  lastly,  we  do  by  these  presents  ordain  that  this  our  commission 
shall  continue  in  full  force  and  virtue,  and  that  you,  our  said  commission¬ 
ers,  or  any  three  or  more  of  you,  shall  and  may,  from  time  to  time,  and 
at  any  place  or  places,  proceed  in  the  execution  thereof,  and  of  every  mat¬ 
ter  and  thing  therein  contained,  although  the  same  be  not  continued  from 
time  to  time  by  adjournment. 

Given  at  our  court  at  Saint  James,’  the  third  day  of  January,  1850, 
in  the  thirteenth  year  of  our  reign. 

By  her  Majesty’s  command. 


G.  GREY. 


13 


•)  . . -n 


Board  of  Trade,  January  15,  1850. 

Sir  :  I  am  directed  by  the  Commissioners  appointed  by  her  Majesty 
for  the  promotion  of  the  Exhibition  of  the  Works  of  Industry  of  all  Na¬ 
tions,  to  be  holden  in  the  year  1851,  to  request  that  you  will  move  Vis¬ 
count  Palmerston  to  communicate  the  fact  of  the  appointment  of  the  com¬ 
mission  to  all  Foreign  Powers  at  amity  with  her  Majesty,  and  to  acquaint 
them  that  the  exhibition  will  take  place  in  London  in  the  early  part  of  the 
year  1851,  and  that  the  commissioners  are  anxious  to  be  put  in  commu¬ 
nication  with  such  persons  or  bodies  in  each  nation  from  which  articles 
are  likely  to  be  sent  for  exhibition,  as  are  considered  likely  to  command 
the  confidence  of  those  who  may  become  exhibiters.  The  commission¬ 
ers  will  have  to  consider  many  questions  bearing  upon  the  admission  of 
foreign  productions,  and  some  of  those  questions  will  be  of  a  nature  that 
will  make  it  necessary  for  them  to  ascertain  the  views  entertained  in  dif¬ 
ferent  countries  before  deciding  upon  them.  They  wish  therefore  to  have 
a  proper  channel  of  communication  with  each  country,  and  they  request 
that  Lord  Palmerston  will  take  such  steps  as  he  may  think  proper  for 
supplying  this  necessity. 

The  exhibition  will  be  divided  into  four  sections': 

1.  Raw  materials  and  produce  illustrative  of  the  natural  productions 
on  which  human  industry  is  employed. 

2.  Machinery,  for  agricultural,  manufacturing,  engineering  and  other 
purposes,  and  mechanical  inventions,  illustrative  of  the  agents  which  hu¬ 
man  ingenuity  brings  to  bear  upon  the  productions  of  nature. 

3.  Manufactures,  illustrative  of  the  results  produced  by  the  operation  of 
human  industry  upon  natural  productions. 

4.  Sculpture,  models,  and  the  plastic  art  generally,  illustrative  of  the 
taste  and  skill  displayed  in  such  applications  of  human  industry. 

The  commissioners  are  engaged  in  endeavoring  to  ascertain  the  amount 
of  space  which  will  be  required  for  the  display  of  these  articles,  for  which 
purpose  they  will  of  course  require  some  kind  of  estimate  of  the  quanti¬ 
ties  of  each  which  are  likely  to  be  sent  from  different  countries.  This 
will  be  one  of  the  first  points  on  which  they  will  seek  information  when 
placed  in  communication  with  the  proper  parties.  They  will  also  have 
to  make  inquiries  in  order  to  guide  them  in  determining  what  prizes  should 
be  given,  for  what  articles,  and  under  what  conditions.  This,  too,  is  a 
matter  which  will  involve  the  necessity  of  foreign  correspondence.  More¬ 
over  they  will  need  a  channel  for  communicating  to  Foreign  Countries 


/ 


14 


the  regulations  they  may  from  time  to  time  adopt  for  the  conduct  of  ths 
exhibition ;  such,  for  instance,  as  may  relate  to  the  exclusion  of  particular 
classes  of  articles  on  account  of  their  size,  the  impossibility  of  preserving 
them,  or  other  reasons,  or  to  the  time  at  vsrhich  articles  intended  for  exhi¬ 
bition  must  be  sent,  or  to  the  terms  on  which  they  will  be  admitted. 

It  is  unnecessary  to  go  more  into  detail  upon  the  present  occasion,  as 
Lord  Palmerston  will  perceive  from  what  has  been  already  said,  that  so  soon 
as  proper  channels  of  correspondence  have  been  opened,  the  commissioners 
will  have  many  matters  to  which  to  draw  the  attention  of  the  Foreign 
Countries  which  are  likely  to  take  an  interest  in  the  undertaking ;  and  I 
am  only  to  add,  in  conclusion,  that  it  is  of  much  Importance  that  no  time 
should  be  lost  in  making  these  communications,  as  there  are  several  points 
on  which  early  information  is  particularly  necessary  for  the  commission¬ 
ers. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  sir,  your  most  obd’t  serv’t. 

STAFFORD  H.  NORTHCOTE.  ‘ 


HON.  J.  M.  CLAYTON  TO  SIR  H.  BULWER. 

Department  op  State, 

•s.  Washington^  April  1850. 

Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  note  of 
the  9ih  ultimo,  with  the  accompanying  documents,  relative  to  an  exhibi¬ 
tion  for  the  works  of  industry  of  all  nations,  which  is  proposed  to  be  held 
in  England  in  the  early  part  of  the  next  year.  Citizens  of  this  country,  will, 
no  doubt,  be  eager  to  show  specimens  of  their  ingenuity  and  skill  upon 
the  occasion  referred  to,  and  to  compete  for  the  prizes  which  the  Commis- 
jnissioners  are  authorized  to  award.  In  the  President’s  opinion  the  pub¬ 
lication  of  the  correspondence  between  this  Department  and  yourself  on 
the  subject,  will  be  the  best  means  for  making  the  American  public  ac¬ 
quainted  with  the  purpose  of  the  exhibition,  and  with  the  desire  of  the 
Commissioners  to  place  themselves  in  communication  with  such  persons 
in  the  United  States  as  may  be  authorized  to  act  on  behalf  of  those  who 
wish  to  become  exhibitors.  He  has  accordingly  directed  that  correspon. 
dence  to  be  published. 

I  avail  myself  of  this  occasion,  sir,  to  offer  to  you  renewed  assurances 
of  my  very  distinguished  consideration. 

JOHN  M.  CLAYTON. 


Right  honorable  Sir  H.  L.  Bulwer. 


15 


CIRCULAR 

CONTAINING  THE 

REGULATIONS  OF  THE  COMMISSIONERS- 

Palace  of  Westminster,  \Uh  March^  1850. 

Her  Majesty’s  Commissioners  for  the  promotion  of  the  Exhibition  of 
the  Works  of  Industry  of  all  Nations  to  be  holden  in  London  in  the  year 
1851,  after  careful  consideration  of  the  arrangements  to  be  made  for  the 
admission  of  the  productions  of  foreign  countries  to  the  Exhibition,  have 
directed  the  publication  of  the  following  statement  for  the  information  and 
guidance  of  Foreign  Exhibitors. 

The  Commissioners  have  already  given  notice  that,  however  large 
may  be  the  building  that  is  to  be  erected,  it  is  necessary  that  they  should 
reserve  to  themselves  ample  powers  of  selection  and  rejection  in  respect 
of  the  articles  which  may  be  forwarded  for  exhibition.  The  necessity 
for  making  some  provision  for  limiting  the  extent,  and  defining  the  char¬ 
acter,  of  the  Exhibition,  is  too  obvious  to  need  any  comment ;  but  the 
mode  in  which  the  powers  thus  reserved  should  be  exercised,  particularly 
with  reference  to  the  productions  of  foreign  countries,  is  a  matter  requir¬ 
ing  very  serious  deliberation. 

The  Commissioners  have  felt  that  it  would  be  desirable,  as  far  as 
possible,  to  prevent  any  persons  from  sending  hither  articles  which  can¬ 
not  be  admitted,  rather  than  to  reject  the  articles  after  their  arrival  in 
London.  They  feel  also  that  the  delicate  and  responsible  task  of  decid¬ 
ing  on  the  admission  or  rejection  of  articles  destined  for  exhibition  by  . 
foreign  contributors  ought  not  to  be  imposed  upon  any  English  tribunal, 
but  should  be  referred  to  one  having  the  confidence  of  the  Exhibitors 
themselves,  and  standing  entirely  free  from  possible  imputations  of  na¬ 
tional  partiality.  They  accordingly  propose  to  admit  to  exhibition  such 
foreign  articles  only  as  may  be  forwarded  to  them  by  the  Central  Author¬ 
ity  (whatever  may  be  its  nature)  in  each  country.  They  will  commu¬ 
nicate  to  such  Central  Authority  the  amount  of  space  which  can  be  al¬ 
lowed  to  the  productions  of  the  country  for  which  it  acts,  and  will  also 
state  the  conditions  and  limitations  which  may  from  time  to  time  be  de¬ 
cided  on  with  respect  to  the  admission  of  articles.  All  articles  forward¬ 
ed  by  such  Central  Authority  will  then  be  admitted,  provided  they  dp 
not  require  a  greater  aggregate  amount  of  space  than  that  assigned  to  the 
productions  of  the  country  from  which  they  come ;  and,  provided  also, 


16 


that  they  do  not  violate  the  conditions  and  limitations  of  which  due  notice 
shall  have  been  given.  It  will  rest  with  the  Central  Authority  in  each 
country  to  decide  upon  the  merits  of  the  several  articles  presented  for  ex¬ 
hibition,  and  to  take  care  that  those  which  are  sent  are  such  as  fairly  re¬ 
present  the  industry  of  their  fellow  countrymen. 

Her  Majesty’s  Commissioners  will  consider  that  to  be  the  Central 
Authority  in  each  case,  which  is  stated  to  he  so  by  the  Government  of  its 
country.  Having  once  been  put  in  communication  with  a  Central  Au¬ 
thority  in  any  country,  they  must  decline,  absolutely  and  entirely,  any 
communication  with  private  and  unauthorized  individuals ;  and  should 
any  such  be  addressed  to  them,  they  can  only  refer  it  to  the  central  body. 
This  decision  is  essentially  necessary,  in  order  to  prevent  confusion. 

No  articles  of  foreign  manufacture,  to  whomsoever  they  may  belong, 
or  wheresoever  they  may  be,  can  be  admitted  for  exhibition,  unless  they 
come  with  the  sanction  of  the  Central  Authority  of  the  country  of  which 
they  are  the  produce.  The  Commissioners  do  not  insist  upon  such  arti¬ 
cles  being  in  all  cases  actually  forwarded  by  the  Central  Authority, 
though  they  consider  that  this  would  generally  be  the  most  satisfactory 
arrangement ;  but  it  is  indispensable  that  the  sanction  of  such  Authority 
should  in  all  cases  be  expressly  given,  and  that  it  be  held  responsible  for 
the  fitness  of  such  articles  for  exhibition,  and  for  not  authorizing  the  ex¬ 
hibition  of  a  greater  quantity  than  can  be  accommodated  in  the  space  as¬ 
signed  to  the  productions  of  the  county  in  question. 

With  regard  to  the  amount  of  space  that  can  be  given,  the  Commis¬ 
sioners  propose  at  once  to  communicate  with  each  foreign  country.  It 
must  be  obvious  that  the  difficulty  of  fixing  the  amount  in  each  case  is 
extreme,  as  the  Commissioners  have  to  consider,  not  only  the  extent  and 
population  of  each  country,  but  the  nature  of  the  articles  it  produces,  the 
quantities  it  is  likely  to  send;  which  of  course  involves,  among  other 
considerations,  the  question  ofjproximity  and  of  the  facilities  for  trans¬ 
mission  to  England.  The  productions  sent  will  in  some  cases  be  bulky, 
and  will  require  a  larger  amount  of  space  than  the  produce  likely  to 
come  from  other  countries,  though  the  latter  may  be  much  the  more  val¬ 
uable.  It  thus  becomes  impossible,  in  the  absence  of  information  from 
each  country,  to  lay  down  rules  which  shall  not  be  open  to  objection^ 
At  the  same  time,  the  Commissioners  feel  that  it  is  better  at  once  to  give 
a  definite  and  tangible  shape  to  their  proceedings  by  laying  down  some¬ 
thing  in  the  nature  of  a  rule,  however  arbitrary,  than  to  postpone  the  at¬ 
tempt  till  they  are  in  possession  of  information  which  cannot  be  collected 
for  a  very  long  time.  They  have  therefore  resolved  that  they  will  allot 
one-half  of  the  total  amount  of  space  at  their  command  to  the  productiona 


17 


of  Great  Britain  and  ber  colonies,  and  will  divide  the  remaining  half 
among  the  other  nations  of  the  world;  communicating  to  each  country 
the  space  they  propose  to  set  aside  for  its  productions,  and  requesting 
information  as  to  the  mode  in  which  it  is  proposed  that  such  space  should 
be  filled.  In  case  the  Central  Authority  in  any  country  should  be  of 
opinion  that  the  space  allotted  to  the  productions  of  that  country  is  greater 
than  it  will  require,  the  Commissioners  have  to  request  that  this  opinion 
may  be  communicated  to  them,  as  it  is  obvious  that  it  would  not  appear 
well  if  a  large  vacant  space  should  be  left  in  the  department  assigned  to 
any  country.  If,  on  the  other  hand,  any  country  require  more  than  the 
space  proposed,  this  also  should  be  stated,  as  it  may.  be  in  the  power  of 
the  Commissioners  to  give  additional  room,  in  the  event  of  having  re¬ 
ceived  notifications  from  other  countries  that  a  portion  of  the  space  as¬ 
signed  to  them  will  not  be  occupied. 

The  Commissioners  have  had  under  their  serious  consideration  the 
question  whether  it  would  be  desirable  to  mark  off  particular  spaces,  and 
assign  them  to  particular  countries,  allowing  each  to  arrange  the  whole 
of  its  productions  within  those  limits ;  but  they  adhere  to  the  conclusion 
which  they  have  already  announced,  that  this  course  will  not  be  desira¬ 
ble,  and  that  it  will  be  necessary  that  the  productions  of  all  nations  should 
be  exhibited  together,  according  to  the  classification  of  objects  which  the 
Commissioners  have  made,  with  a  subordinate  classification  as  to  nations 
in  each  section.  They  consider  that  the  effect  which  the  Exhibition  is 
intended  to  produce — of  showing,  at  one  view,  the  points  which  human 
industry  and  ingenuity  have  reached  in  the  arts  of  civilized  life — would 
be  materially  diminished  if  the  results  of  the  industry  of  different  nations 
in  each  department  were  scattered  over  a  large  space  instead  of  being 
conveniently  brought  together.  The  visiter  would  receive  a  very  inade¬ 
quate  notion  of  the  perfection  to  which  particular  manufactures  can  be 
carried  from  an  inspection  of  those  of  one  nation  only :  and  in  a  building 
of  such  extent  it  would  be  out  of  his  power  to  go  from  a  particular  sec¬ 
tion  in  one  exhibition  to  the  corresponding  sections  in  all  the  other  na¬ 
tional  exhibitions,  and  to  compare  them  all.  Again,  unless  the  produc¬ 
tions  of  all  nations  are  exhibited  together,  it  will  be  difficult,  if  not  im¬ 
possible,  to  award  the  palm  of  superiority.  Different  parts  of  the  exhi¬ 
bition  will  be  visited  on  different  days,  and  the  impressions  made  on  one 
day  by  the  manufactures  of  one  country,  will  be  effaced  the  next  day  by 
the  corresponding  manufactures  of  another.  In  the  adjudication  of  prizes 
also  such  arrangements  would|Cause  much  difficulty.  Another  objection 
may  also  be  mentioned,  namely,  the  danger  there  would  be  of  imputed 
unfairness  and  favoritism  in  the  places  assigned  to  different  nations. 

3 


16 


The  several  articles  which  will  be  exhibited  will  require  great  diversity 
of  accommodation,  as  respects  space,  light,  and  other  particulars ;  and 
were  the  space  set  apart  for  one  nation  inferior  in  any  of  these  respects 
to  the  space  set  apart  for  any  other  nation,  there  would  be  ground  for 
complaint;  whereas  if  all  articles  of  the  same  nature  are  exhibited  to- 
gether,  all  will  share  these  advantages  alike,  and  each  article  will  be 
placed  in  that  part  of  the  building  which  is  best  adapted  for  the  reception 
of  goods  of  that  description.  The  Commissioners]must  therefore  reserve 
to  themselves  the  unfettered  right  of  arranging  all  goods  that  may  be  sent 
in  such  manner  as  they  may  think  proper.  They  will  endeavor,  in 
the  case  of  articles  the  nature  of  which  admits  of  their  so  doing,  to  arrange 
each  section  with  som  e  reference  to  the  nationality  of  the  productions  ex» 
hibited  in  it,  and  will  not  intermix  the  productions  of  one  country  with 
those  of  another,  in  cases  where  the  objects  of  the  exhibition  can  be  at¬ 
tained  without  their  doing  so.  Whatever  may  be  their  arrangements, 
however,  they  undertake  to  find  places  for  all  articles  sent  by  each  coun¬ 
try  which  could,  if  placed  together,  be  exhibited  in  the  aggregate  space 
alloted  to  that  country,  provided  only  that  they  be  informed  in  suffi¬ 
cient  lime  what  proportion  of  that  space  will  be  required  for  Raw  ma¬ 
terials,  what  proportion  for  Machinery,  what  proportion  for  Manufactur¬ 
ed  Articles,  and  what  proportion  for  objects  of  Fine  Art.  This  informa¬ 
tion  should  be  sent  on  or  before  the  days  which  will  be  communicated  to 
each  country. 

The  Commissioners  annex  a  memorandum  by  the  Commissioners  of 
Customs,  on  the  subjects  of  Custom  House  arrangements. 

A  Statement  will  shortly  be  published  on  the  subject  of  the  Adjucation 
and  Distribution  of  Prizes.  It  may,  however,  be  desirable  at  once  to  state 
that,  in  all  cases  in  which  the  competition  is  between  Exhibitors  of  diffe¬ 
rent  nations,  the  Prizes  will  be  adjudged  by  mixed  Juries  of  English  and 
Foreigners. 

And  a  statement  will  also  be  published  of  the  arrangements  to  be  made 
for  the  protection  of  articles  which  may  be  exhibited,  from  piracy. 


J.  SCOTT  RUSSELL, 
STAFFORD  H,  NORTHCOTE, 


Secretaries, 


Arrangements  made  by  the  Board  of  Customs  for  the  admission  of  For¬ 
eign  and  Colonial  Productions^  for  the  purposes  of  the  Exhibition 
of  \?)^\^without  cost. 

It  is  proposed  that  all  works  from  Foreign  Countries  intended  for  ex¬ 
hibition,  shall  be  imported  into  some  one  or  other  of  the  following 


19 


Ports  : — London,  Liverpool,  Bristol,  Hull,  Newcastle,  Dover, 
Folkestone,  Southampton. 

That  the  packages,  when  unaccompanied  by  the  proprietors,  shall  be 
addressed  to  agents,  who  will  be  appointed  at  each  port  by  the  Royal 
Commissioners  to  receive  and  take  charge  of  all  such  packages,  and 
whose  names  will  he  communicated  to  the  Central  Authorities  in  each 
country,  and  from  among  whom  the  several  parties  intending  to  send 
over  articles  for  exhibition,  may  select  the  agent  he  proposes  to  employ. 

The  agents  will  take  all  the  needful  steps  for  forwarding,  under  the 
directions  of  the  Commissioners  of  the  Customs,  the  packages  unopened 
to  London  (where  they  are  not  imported  direct  into  the  port  of  London,) 
and  for  their  delivery  unopened  at  the  building  in  which  they  are  to  be 
exhibited. 

In  the  case  of  packages  imported  into  the  port  of  London,  the  agent 
to  whom  they  will  be  addressed  will  take  charge  of  them  on  their  ar¬ 
rival,  and  forward  them  unopened  to  the  building  for  exhibition. 

To  secure  the  arrival  of  all  the  packages  unopened  and  unexamined 
at  the  place  of  exhibition,  they  will  be  sealed  at  the  port  of  landing, 
with  the  official  seal  of  the  Board  of  Customs,  which  will  afford  a  guar¬ 
antee  at  the  same  time  to  the  party  and  to  the  revenue. 

The  whole  of  the  goods  will  be  admitted,  in  the  first  instance,  without 
payment  of  any  duty;  and  if  they  are  not  disposed  of  in  England, 
they  will  be  delivered  up  for  re-exportation,  free  of  all  charge  for  duty. 
If,  however,  they  shall  be  disposed  of  in  England,  the  duty  chargeable 
thereon  must  in  that  case  be  paid  before  they  are  removed  from  the 
place  of  exhibition,  but  they  cannot  be  removed  until  the  Exhibition  is 
finally  closed. 

When  the  packages  have  been  duly  deposited  in  the  building  in  which 
they  are  to  be  exhibited,  they  will  be  opened  and  examined  in  the  pres¬ 
ence  of  the  Proprietor,  or  of  the  Agent  in  his  behalf,  and  will  then  be 
in  custody  of  the  Commission,  without  whose  authority  they  cannot  be 
removed  from  the  Exhibition. 

All  goods  which  are  forwarded  to  England  will  remain  deposited  in 
charge  of  the  Customs,  until  claimed  by  an  agent  of  the  party  sending 
them,  who  will  have  to  establish  his  right  to  remove  them  to  the  build- 
by  producing  the  bill  of  lading,  and  the  certificate  given  to  the 
exhibitor  by  the  Central  Authorities  in  each  country,  that  such  goods 
are  intended  for  exposition. 


ARRANGEMENTS  OF  THE  EXHIBITION. 


Her  Majesty’s  Commissioners  for  the  Promotion  of  the  Exhibi¬ 
tion  OF  THE  Works  of  Industry  of  all  Nations,  to  be  holden 
in  1851,  having  had  the  various  subjects  of  their  inquiry  under  their  anx- 
ous  consideration,  are  now  prepared  to  state,  for  the  information  of  the 
public,  the  progress  they  have  made  in  determining  on  the  different  points 
referred  to  in  their  announcement  of  the  lllh  January  last. 

The  decisions  they  have  been  able  to  come  to  have  been  necessarily 
limited  by  their  present  want  of  knowledge  as  to  what  pecuniary  means 
will  be  placed  at  their  disposal ;  and  the  shortness  of  the  time,  during 
which  this  vast  organization  will  have  to  be  completed  renders  it  impera¬ 
tive  upon  the  Commissioners  to  make  an  earnest  appeal  to  the  country, 
to  enable  them  as  soon  as  possible,  to  know  upon  what  amount  of  sub* 
scription  they  may  ultimately  rely. 

The  scale  upon  which  this  important  undertaking  will  be  conducted^ 
must  depend  entirely  on  the  amount  of  pecuniary  support  which  it  shall 
receive  from  the  public.  Her  Majesty’s  Commissioners  appeal  with  con. 
fidence  to  all  classes  of  the  community,  to  enable  them  to  make  such  lib¬ 
eral  arrangemets  as  will  ensure  the  success  of  this  undertaking,  in  a  man¬ 
ner  worthy  of  the  character  and  position  of  this  country,  and  of  the  in¬ 
vitation  which  has  been  given  to  the  other  nations  of  the  world  to  compete 
with  us  in  a  spirit  of  generous  and  friendly  emulation. 

The  Commissioners  have  fixed  upon  the  1st  day  of  May,  1851,  for 
opening  the  Exhibition. 

The  Commissioners  will  be  prepared  to  receive  and  take  care  of,  at  the 
expense  of  the  Commissioners,  all  articles  which  may  be  sent  to  them, 
and  delivered  at  a  place  to  be  named  by  the  Commissioners  in  London,  on 
or  after  the  1st  of  January,  1851,  and  will  continue  so  to  receive  goods 
until  the  1st  of  March  inclusive;  after  which  day  no  further  goods  will 
be  received. 

Her  Majesty  has  been  graciously  pleased  to  grant  a  site  for  this  pur¬ 
pose  on  the  south  side  of  Hyde  Park,  lying  between  the  Kensington 
Ride  and  the  Ride  commonly  called  Rotten  Row. 


21 


From  the  approximate  estimate  which  the  Commissioners  have  been 
able  to  make,  they  believe  the  Building  ought  to  cover  a  space  of  from 
16  to  20  Acres,  or  about  One  Million  of  Square  Feet. 

The  Productions  of  all  Nations  will  be  exhibited  together,  under  one 
General  Classification. 

The  Articles  exhibited  will  be  divided  into  Four  Sections,  as  before  an¬ 
nounced,  and  a  Classified  List,  together  with  general  instructions  aflfecting 
each  Department,  are  appended.  Her  Majesty’s  Commissioners  wish  to 
express  their  grateful  sense  of  the  valuable  assistance  which  they  have  re¬ 
ceived  in  drawing  up  that  List  from  the  Members  of  the  Sectional  Com¬ 
mittees. 

The  Building  will  be  provided  to  the  Exhibitors  free  from  rent,  and 
will  be  fire  proof. 

Exhibitors  will  be  required  to  deliver  their  objects,  at  their  own  charge 
and  risk,  at  the  Building  in  the  Park ;  but  no  charges  of  any  kind  will 
be  made  whilst  they  remain  there. 

Colonial  and  Foreign  productions  will  be  admitted  without  paying  duty, 
for  the  purposes  of  exhibition,  but  not  for  internal  consumption.  Her 
Majesty’s  Commissioners  of  Customs  will  Consider  all  such  articles  as 
Bonded  Goods ;  and  her  Majesty’s  Commissioners  for  the  Exhibition  of 
1851  will  make  suitable  arrangements  for  their  reception. 

Her  Majesty’s  Commissioners  are  desirous  that  there  should  be  complete 
local  organization,  and  that  the  Local  Committees,  wherever  formed,  should 
themselves  collect  the  Subscriptions  within  their  own  districts.  The  Lo¬ 
cal  Committees  should  advertise  all  subscriptions  they  receive,  and  defray 
all  local  expenses,  paying  such  commission  for  collection  as  they  may 
think  necessary. 

Her  Majesty’s  Commissioners  think  that  the  same  complete  system  of 
organization  should  be  extended  as  much  as  possible  to  the  British  Colo, 
nies. 

Subscriptions  should  be  paid  to  the  Treasurers  of  Local  Committees, 
and  by  them  transferred  to  the  General  Fund  at  the  Bank  of  England,  in 
the  names  of  A.  K.  Barclay,  Esq.,  W.  Cotton,  Esq.,  Sir  J.  W.  Lub¬ 
bock,  Bart.,  S.  M.  Peto,  Esq.,  M.  P.,  and  Baron  Lionel  de  Rothschild, 

M.  P. 

Her  Majesty’s  Commissioners  having  undertaken  the  absolute  control 
over  the  expenditure  of  all  money  that  may  come  into  the  hands  of  their 
Treasurers,  have  made  arrangements  for  auditing  accounts,  and  ensuring 
the  strictest  economy. 

Her  Majesty’s  Commissioners  hope  that  the  funds  to  be  placed  at  their 
disposal  by  voluntary  contributions  may  be  such  as  to  enable  them  so  to 


22 


regulate  the  amount  to  be  paid  for  entrance,  that  all  classes  may  be  enabled 
to  visit  the  Exhibition. 

Should  any  surplus  remain,  after  giving  every  facility  to  the  Exhibitors 
and  increasing  the  privileges  of  the  Public  as  spectators,  her  Majesty’s 
Commissioners  intend  to  apply  the  same  to  purposes  strictly  in  connexion 
with  the  ends  of  the  Exhibition,  or  for  the  establishment  of  similar  Ex¬ 
hibitions  for  the  future. 

However  large  the  Building  may  be — the  quantity  of  articles  sent  for 
Exhibition  may  exceed  any  amount  of  space  that  can  be  provided  ; — Her 
Majesty’s  Commissioners  consequently  reserve  to  themselves  ample  pow¬ 
ers  of  rejection  and  selection.  Upon  the  amount  subscribed  must  neces¬ 
sarily  depend  the  space  which  they  may  be  enabled  to  allot;  but  under 
all  circumstances  they  will  have  to  exercise  a  certain  discretion. 

Her  Majesty’s  Commissioners  also  desire  that  the  Local  Committees 
will,  as  early  as  possible,  procure  an  inventory  or  general  specification 
of  articles  proposed  to  be  exhibited  from  their  Districts,  and  of  the  space 
which  will  be  required  for  their  exhibition,  in  order  to  enable  the  Com¬ 
missioners  to  determine  as  soon  as  possible  the  extent  and  the  proportions 
of  the  building. 

Her  Majesty’s  Commissioners  are  in  communication  with  the  Foreign 
Office,  concerning  the  means  of  informing  Foreign  Governments  of  the 
arrangements  making  for  the  Exhibition. 

Her  Majesty’s  Commissioners  are  considering  the  principles  upon 
which  the  Prize  Fund  of  £20,000  shall  be  appropriated,  and  the  best  mode 
of  adjudication. 

If  there  be  any  points  upon  which  Local  Committees  may  require  in¬ 
formation,  and  will  address  themselves  to  the  Secretaries  of  the  Commis¬ 
sion,  her  Majesty’s  Commissioners  will  be  happy  to  afford  it  to  them  i 
so  far  as  it  may  be  in  their  power. 

(Signed)  J.  SCOTT  RUSSELL. 

STAFFORD  H.  NORTHOTE. 

At  the  new  Palace  of  Westminster, 

21s^  of  February t  1850. 


CLASSIFIED  LISTS  OF  OBJECTS. 

Which  may  be  admitted  to  the  Fxhibition  of  the  Works  of  Industry  of 
all  Nations^  to  be  opened  in  London^  \st  May^  1851. 

Section  I.  Raw  Materials  and  Produce — illustrative  of  the  natural 
productions  on  which  human  industry  is  employed. 


\ 


23 


Section  II.  Machinery  for  Agricultural,  Manufacturing,  Engineering 
and  other  purposes,  and  Mechanical  Inventions — illus¬ 
trative  of  the  agents  which  human  ingenuity  brings  to 
bear  upon  the  products  of  nature. 

Section  IIL  Manufactures — illustrative  of  the  result  produced  by  the 
operations  of  human  industry  upon  natural  produce. 
Section  IV.  Sculpture,  Models,  and  the  Plastic  Art  generally, — illus¬ 
trative  of  the  taste  and  skill  displayed  in  such  applica¬ 
tions  of  human  industry 

This  Division  of  the  Objects  for  exhibition  into  Four  Sections  will 
be  generally  preserved.  Articles  belonging  to  one  Section  may,  however 
be  admitted  to  another,  where  they  may  be  considered  necessary, — but  in 
such  cases  for  illustration  only. 


Section  I. — Raio  Materials  and  Produce. 

Under  Raw  Materials  in  this  Section  are  to  be  included  all  the  pro¬ 
ducts  of  the  Mineral,  Vegetable,  and  Animal  Kingdoms,  either  in  an  en¬ 
tirely  Raw  State,  or  in  any  Stage  of  Preparation,  previous  to  arriving  at 
the  state  of  a  Finished  Manufacture  (as  in  Section  III.)  They  are  clas¬ 
sified  according  to  their  uses  to  man,  in  their  original  state,  and  in  their 
Chemical  and  Mechanical  transformations. 


V. 

S 


•S 


(A.)  Mineral  Kingdom. 

/(a.)  Ores  and  Modes  of  Dressing. —  Native  Metals,  or  Metallic  Ores, — th® 
Modes  of  Dressing,  such  as  crushing,  stamping,  jigging,  huddling,  or  oth¬ 
erwise  rendering  them  Merchantable  ;  as  in  the  cases  of  Antimony,  Arsenic, 
Bismuth,  Cadmium,  Cobalt,  Copper,  Gold,  Iron,  Lead,  Mercury,  Nickel, 
Palladium,  Platinum,  Silver,  Tin,  Zinc,  &c.,  &c. 

(6.)  Metallurgical  Processes. — The  various  Methods  of  Roasting  and 
Smelting  the  Ores,  so  as  to  illustrate  Processes.  Fluxes,  Slags,  and  other 
Materials  which  may  serve  the  purposes  of  illustration.  The  various  Pro¬ 
cesses  used  in  adapting  Metals  for  particular  purposes,  as  for  making  Iron 
into  Cast-iron,  Malleable  Iron,  and  Steel,  &c.,  &c. 

(c.)  Alloys — Bronzes  of  various  kinds,  such  as  Statuary,  Gun,  Bell,  and 
Speculum  Metal,  Britannia  Metal,  Brass  of  different  kinds,  German  Silver, 
Argentine,  and  other  varieties  of  White  Metal,  Pewter,  Type  Metals, 
Sheathing  Metal,  Compounds  of  Metals  with  Phosphorus,  and  other  Non- 
metallic  bodies,  &c.,  &c. 

(d.)  Metals  in  process  of  adaptation  to  Finished  Manufactures , — Rolled 
and  Drawn  in  Sheets,  Wires,  &,c.,  and  Cast  in  Pigs,  Bars,  &c..  Plated  and 
\  Electro-typed  Metals,  &c. 


(  (A.)  Chemical  Substances  Employed  in  Manufactures. 

(a.)  Non-Metallic  Substances. — Such  as  Carbon  in  its  various  states  for 
the  purposes  of  Fuel,  Charcoal,  Coke,  Bituminous  Coal,  Anthracite,  Li¬ 
gnite,  Artificial  Fuels,  Products  of  distillation  of  Coals,  Mineral  Oils  and 
Naptha,  Phosphorus  in  its  different  states.  Sulphur,  as  in  the  Manufacture 
of  Sulphuric  Acid,  &c..  Muriatic  Acid,  Nitric  Acid,  Boracic  Acid,  &c,,  &c. 


.  Chemical  Products. 


24 


CM 


h.)  Alknlls,  Earths,  and  their  Compounds. — Such  as  Potash  and  its  Sails, 
as  Carbonate,  Sulphate,  and  Chlorate  of  Potash;  Nitre  native  and  artifi¬ 
cial,  the  latter  as  made  in  Asia,  France,  Switzerland,  Sweden,  and  as  used 
for  Gunpowder,  &c. — Soda  and  its  Salts,  as  Common  Salt  and  its  various 
modes  of  preparation.  Nitrate  of  Soda,  Borax,  Soda  Ash,  and  Carbonate 
of  Soda  native  and  as  prepared  either  from  Salt,  Barilla,  or  Kelp,  and  as 
used  for  soap  or  glass-making,  &c.  ;  Sulphute  of  Soda,  &c.  ; — Lime  and 
its  Compounds,  as  Limestone,  Chalk,  Marbles,  Mortars,  and  Hydraulic 
Limestone,  Cements,  Materials  for  Frescoes,  Plaster  of  Paris,  Gypsum, 
Alabaster,  Bleaching  Powder,  &,c.  ; — Magnesia,  and  the  materials  for 
preparing  it  and  its  Salts  ; — Barytes,  as  Sulphate  of  Barytes  ;  Strontia 
for  coloured  fires,  ^c.  ; — Alumina,  as  Alum  Slate,  Alum  Sulphate  of  Alu¬ 
mina,  &c. 

(c.)  Metals  Proper,  and  their  Compounds — Such  as  Iron  and  its  Salts, 
Iron  Pyrites  for  Green  Vitriol,  Colcolhar,  Ochre,  V^enitian  Red,  or  as  used 
for  calico-printing  and  dyeing.  Sulphate  of  Iron  as  used  for  making  Sul¬ 
phuric  Acid,  &,c.  ; — Copper,  as  Acetate  and  Sulphate  of  Copper,  as  used 
for  colours  and  dyeing,  tor  Electiopying,  &c..  Verdigris,  Scheeles  Green, 
Verditer,  Carbonate  of  Copper,  &c. ; — Zinc  and  its  Salts,  Zinc  Paint,  &c; 
— Tin  and  its  Compounds,  as  Salts  of  Tin,  Stannates,  Oxymuriate,  &c. ; 

_ Lead,  as  White  Lead,  Acetate  and  Nitrate  of  Lead,  Naples  Yeiiow,  &.C.; 

_ Chromium,  as  Chrome  Ore,  Chromates  of  Potash,  Yellow  and  Orange 

Chromate  of  Lead,  Oxide  of  Chromium  for  colours,  as  for  glass,  pottery, 

; — Arsenic,  as  Scheeles  Green,  Orpiment  Realgar,  &c.  ; — Antimony, 
as  Sulphurate  of  Antimony  for  percussion  powder,  lucifer-matches,  &c. ; 
— Bismuth,  as  pearl  white,  (fee.  ; — Cohalt,  as  Oxide  of  Cobalt  for  pottery 
colors.  Smalt  blue,  &c. ; — Nickel,  for  glass-staining,  &c.  ; — Tungsten,  a.B 
the  Yellow  Oxides,  Tungstates,  for  dyeing,  &c.  ; — Mercury,  as  for  philo¬ 
sophical  instruments,  silvering  mirrors,  &c.  ; — Gold,  Alantinum,  Silver, 
and  other  noble  metals,  their  preparptions  for  electrotyping,  giving  of  me* 
tallic  lustres,  «&c.,  &c. 

(d.)  Mixed  Chemical  Manufactures — Such  as  Soap,  Prussiate  of  Potash 
and  Prussian  Blue,  Ultramarine,  &,c.,  &c., 

(B.)  Chemical  Substances  used  in  Medicines. 

(a.)  Non-Metallic  Substances — As  Iodine,  Bromine,  Chlorine,  Sulphur, 
Phosphorus,  Charcoal,  and  their  compounds,  &c. 

(5.)  Alkalis,  Earths,  and  their  Compounds — As  Carbonates,  Chlorides, 
Sulphates,  Nitrates,  Phospates,  &c.,  and  other  compounds  of  Potash,  Soda, 
Lime,  and  Magnesia,  &c.,  &c. 

(c.)  Metallic  Preparations — As  Calomel,  Corrosive  Sublimate,  Red  Oxide, 
and  Bisulphuret  of  Mercury,  and  other  compounds.  Salts  of  Silver,  Copper 
Iron,  Antimony,  Zinc,  &c.,  &<c. 

(C.)  Rarer  Substances  Manufactured  Chiefly  for  the 
Use  of  the  Scientific  Chemist. 

Iodine,  Bromine,  Potassium,  Selenium;  Sodium,  and  other^,  rare  Metallic 

^  Bases  and  their  compounds,  &c. 

/  (A.)  Glass, 

(a.)  Coarser  Materials  used  in  Glass-making.  — As  Sand,  Chalk,  Carbo¬ 
nates  of  Soda  and  Potash,  Sulphate  of  Soda,  Gypsum,  Common  Salt, 
Rock  Salt,  Soapers’  Waste,  Gas  Lime,  Lime,  Clay,  &c.,  &c. 

(6.)  Colours  and  Chemical  Materials  used  in  further  processes  of  Glass¬ 
making. — As  compounds  of  Arsenic,  Antimony,  Boraoic  Acid,  Borax,  Ba¬ 
rytes,  Copper,  Chromium,  Cobalt,  Gold  and  Iron,  Litharge,  Red  Lead, 
Oxides  of  Manganese,  Nickel,  Uranium,  Silver,  Saltpetre,  Smalt  Blue, 
Phosphate  of  Lime,  &c.,  &c. 


25 


R 

^scS 


(c.)  Various  kinds  of  Glass  used  for  Manufactures. — As  Soluble  or  Water 
Glass,  Crown,  Window  and  Mirror;  Crystal,  Flint,  and  Strass  Glass  5 
German  Sheet  and  Plate  Glass ;  Glass  for  Optical  and  for  Laboratory  purpo* 
ses  ;  Colored  and  Stained  Glass;  Enamel,  Aventurin,  Glass  for  Artificial 
Gems,  &c.,  &-c. 

(B.)  Porcelain  Pottery. 

(a.)  Materials  used,  and  the  mode  of  dressing  and  preparing  them  for  use' 
— As  Kaolin,  Cornish  Stone,  Plastic  Clays,  Sand,  Quartz,  Flints,  Felspar, 
Chalk,  Gypsum,  Soda,  Potash,  Salt,  Alum,  Borax,  Bone  Ash,  Peroxide  of 
Tin,  Oxides  of  Lead,  Cobalt;  Nickel,  Chromium,  Iron,  Copper,  Manganese, 
&c.,  &c. 

(6.)  Finer  kinds,  asused  for  Manufacturing  purposes.. —  As  Porcelain  hard 
and  tender.  Earthenware,  Stone  Ware,  Flint  Ware,  Fayence,  Delft  Ware, 
Ironstone,  China,  &c.,  &c. ;  Materials  and  Processes  illustrating  the  mix¬ 
ing,  moulding,  pressing,  drying,  glazing,  coloring,  printing,  staining, 
painting  and  gilding,  &.c. 


(c.)  Coarser  kinds,  as  used  for  Manufacturing  purposes. — As  Materials 
'  for  Bricks,  House  and  Field  Draining  Tiles  and  Pipes,  Common,  Jars, 
V  Bottles,  Pans,  &,c.,  ^c. 


a  S 

R  ^ 

2  'Cl  “S' 
r  o  R 
•2  s  sj 


/(fl.)  Employed  in  Architecture  and  Engineering . — Granites,  Sandstones 
Slates,  Limestones,  Serpentines,  Porphyries, Marbles,  Bricks,  Tiles,  Earthen 
Tubes,  Artificial  Stones,  Plasters,  Cements,  Earths,  Pounded  Rocks,  and 
other  Paints  made  with  simple  natural  substances,  &c.,  &c. 

(6.)  Implements. — Grindstones,  Cherts,  Honestones,  Diamonds,  Rubies, 
Emery,  and  other  hard  Minerals  for  cutting  gems,  less  valuable  minerals 
and  glass,  or  as  used  in  the  construction  of  watches,  &c.,  &<c. 

(c.)  Personal  Decoration. — Gems  of  all  kinds,  and  all  varieties  of  Mineral 
Substances  used  for  decoration,  as  Agates,  Cornelians,  Onyxes,  Lapis 
\  Lazuli,  &c.,  &c. 


(B.)  Vegetable  Kingdom. 

r  I.  Agricultural  Produce. — Cereals,  Pulses,  Oil  Seeds,  dtc. 
I  II.  Dried  Fruits  and  Seeds. 

1.  Substances  used  j  III.  Substances  used  in  the  preparation  of  Drinks. 
chiefly  as  Food,  or  j  IV,  Spices  and  Condiments. 
in  its  preparation,  j  V.  Starch  Series. 

VI.  Sugar  Series. 

VII.  Fermented  Liquors  and  Distilled  Spirits  from  unusual 
sources. 

VIII.  Gum  Series. 

IX.  Resin  Series.  —Resins  and  Balsams,  Gum  Resins,  Gum 
Elastic. 

Oil  Series. — Volatile  Oils,  Drying  Fat  Oils,  Non-Drying 
Fat  Oils,  Solid  Oils,  Wax. 

XI.  Acids. 

XII.  Dyes  and  Colours. 

XIII.  Tanning  Substances. 

XIV.  Intoxicating  Drugs.  ' 

XV.  Medicinal  Substances. 

■  XVI.  Fibrous  Substances — Cordage  and  Clothing  Materials. 
XVII.  Cellular  Substances. 

XVIII.  Timber  and  Fancy  Woods,  for  construction  and  or¬ 
nament,  and  prepared  by  Dyeing,  &c. 

4.  Miscellaneous  Substances.  XIX.  Miscellaneous  Substances  not  elsewhere  enume¬ 
rated, 

•More  detailed  Utti  for  this  Section  may  be  had  on  special  application. 

4 


2.  Materials  used 
chiefly  in  the  Chem¬ 
ical  Arts,  or  in  Med- 
icine. 


I 


3.  Materials  for  Buil¬ 
ding,  Clothing,  ^c.' 


26 


[C.]  Animal  Kingdom. 

Almost  every  part  of  almost  every  species  of  Animal  serves  as  Food  tosomr 
variety  or  other  of  the  Human  Race.  Preparations  of  Food  as  example* 
of  Inriuslrial  Products,  for  the  Exhibition,  would  comprise, — Specimen* 
of  Preserved  Meats,  for  long  voyages;  Portable  Soups  ;  Concentrated  Nu-^ 
triments  ;  Consolidated  Milk,  &c.  ;  Dried  Gelatine,  Isinglass,  and  Albu.' 
men  ;  Caviare  ;  Trepang  ;  Sharks’  Fins,  Nests  of  the  Java  Swallow,  and 
the  like  Articles  of  Eastern  Commerce  ;  Honey  and  its  Preparations. 

Cod  Liver  and  other  animal  Oils,  for  internal  or  external  application. 
Unguents  of  Spermaceti,  Lard,  Oil,  and  combinations  of  these. 

Musk,  Castoreum,  Civet,  Ambergris  (as  Antispasmodics.) 

^yPhosphorus  and  Ammonia  (from  Hartshorn,  Urine.) 

“f  o  S'^Crabs’  Eyes,  or  the  Calcareous  Concretions  formed  in  the  Craw  fish;  and’ 


1^' 
CQ  § 

«0 


-a  Bs 


Cuttle  Bone,  used  as  antacids. 

Cantharides,  and  their  essence  Cantharidine. 

Jodine  (obtained  from  Marine  Zoophytes  and  Sponge.) 

(a.)  For  Textile  Fabrics  an®  for  Clothing. 


Wool,  Hair,  Hairbands  and  Ropes;  Bristles,  Whalebones. 

Silk  from  the  Silkwork,  Bombyx  Tori,  and  from  other  species  in  India,  e. 

Bomhycilla  Cynthia  and  attacus  Paphia, 

Feathers,  Down,  Fur. 

Skins,  Hides,  Leather. 

Elytra  or  Beetle  wings  (for  ornaments  of  Dress.) 

Byssus,  from  the  Pinna  Shell  Fish  (manufactured  into  gloves.) 


(A)  For  Domestic  or  ornamental  purposes,  or  for  thk 
Manufacture  of  Implements. 


e 

8 

«o 

8 


Bone,  Horn,  Hoofs,  Ivory,  Tortoise-shell,  Shagreen,  Parchment,  Vellum,. 
Quills. 

Pearls  {Meleagrina  Margaritifera,  Unio,  Margaritifera)  ;  Seed  Pearl  (My* 
Ulus  edulis.) 

Coral. 

Oils,  Tallows,  Spermaceti,  Wax,  Lard. 

Silkworm  Gut. 

Mother  of  Pearl  (Shells  of  Meleagrina,  Haiiotis,  and  Turbo))  Buffalo  Shell*,. 
Bombay  Shells,  Bla  Shells,  \^ite-edge  Shells,  Yellow-edge  Shells,  Flat 
Shells,  Green  Snail  Shells. 

Sponge,  Goldbeaters  Skin,  Catgut,  Bladders. 

(c.)  As  Agents  in  the  Manufacture  of  Various  Article®. 

Glue,  Isinglass,  Gelatine. 

Bone  Black,  Ivory  Black,  Animal  Charcoal. 

(d.)  For  the  Production  of  Chemical  Substances. 

Bones,  &c.,  (for  Phosphorus,  Ammonia,  Cyanides,  &c.,  &.C. 

(e.)  For  Pigments  and  Dyes. 


Cochineal,  Carmine,  from  the  Coccus  cacti ;  Dyes  from  the  Galls  of  Am- 
phides  ;  Gall  Stone  Pigment  from  Ox  Gall ;  Lac,  a  substance  obtained 
from  an  Indian  Species  of  Coccus,  and  the  varieties  called  in  commerce 
Stick  Lac,  Seed  Lac,  Lump  Lac,  Shell  Lac,  Lac  Lake,  Lae  Dye  ;  Sepia  ; 
Essence  D’Orient,  from  Scalesof  Bleak  (^Leueissus)  need  in  the  raanofac- 
(  ture  of  Artificial  Pearls. 

Section.  2. — Machinery, 

(A)  Machines  for  Direct  Use. 

i  As  Boilers  and  Furnaces  for  generating  S  team'.  Steam  En- 
1.  Prime  Movers,  <  gines.  Waterwheels  and  other  Hydrauli  c  Movers,  Wind-> 
i  mills,  other  Engines  for  generating  Power,  &c. 


27 


(Aa  Toothed  Wheels,  Link-work,  Belts,  Couplings,  contri¬ 
vances  for  modifying  motion,  for  reversing  and  stopping, 
and  for  the  government  and  self-action  of  Machinery,  &,c. 
Specimens  of  perfection  in  workmanship — such  as  straight 
edges,  flat  surfaces,  screws,  spheres,  &,c. 


J.  Jdaehinea  for  Rai. 
sing  and  Mo¬ 
ving  Bodies, 


'Raising  Water  and  other  Liquids — As  Pumps,  Fire-En¬ 
gines,  Hydraulic  Rams,  &,c. 

Raising  and  Moving  Weights,  and  Producing  Pressure — 
Such  as  Crabs,  Cranes,  Travellers,  Screw  Jacks,  Hydrau¬ 
lic  Presses,  Pile  Drivers,  &c. 

Carriages  and  Vehicles. 

Machinery  of  the  Railway  System. 

.Naval  Mechanism,  and  Naval  Architecture. 


'As  Weighing  Machines  of  all  kinds.  Apparatus  for  the 
Measurement  of  Length  and  Capacity,  for  the  Registra- 
4.  Machines  for  tion  of  Natural  Phenomena,  and  of  the  results  and  opera-  . 
Weighings  Mearur-  tions  of  other  Machinery — as  Tide  Gauges,  Anemometers, 

«Bg‘,  <md  Registra-*.  Calculating  Machines,  Tell-tales,  Counting  Machines, 
iion.  Numbering  Frames,  Copying  Machines,  Dynamometers, 

j  &.C. 

t  Turret  and  other  Clocks,  W atches,  and  Chronometers. 


-5.  Instruments  and 
Miscellaneous 
Contrivances, 


f  Mathematical  and  Philosophical  Instruments — As  Astro¬ 
nomical  and  Optical  Instruments,  Apparatus  for  the 
Graduation  and  Division  of  Lines  and  Circles;  Physical 
and  Chemical  Apparatus,  including  Electric,  Magnetic, 
and  Galvanic  Apparatus,  &<c. 

Drawing  Instruments  and  Apparatus  used  by  Artists  and 
Engravers. 

Musical  and  Acoustical  Instruments — As  Organs  Piano¬ 
fortes,  Harps,  Flutes,  Imitation  of  the  Human  Voice, 
Singing  and  Speaking,  &,c. 

Surgical  Instruments. 

^  Locks,  and  small  Machines  for  Miscellaneous  Purposes. 


GunSt  Pisiolst  And  all  that  belongs  to  their  equipment. 


(  Field  Implements — As  Ploughs,  Sub-soil  Ploughs,  Skim 
Plough ;  Harrows,  Norwegian  Harrow,  Clod  Crusher, 
Grubber,  or  Scarifier  ;  Corn  Drill,  Turnip  Drill.  Water 
Drill,  Dry  Manure  Machine,  Liquid  Manure  Machine, 
Horse  Seed  Dibbler,  Roller,  Presser,  Horse  Hoe,  One 
7,  Agricultural  Ma-‘  Horse  Cart,  Horse  Rakes,  Haymaking  Machines. 

ckinery.  Yard  Implements — Threshing  Machine,  Corn  Dressing 

Machine,  Chaff  Cutter,Turnip  Cutter,  Cake  Bruiser,  Corn 
Bruiser ;  Moveable  Steam  Engine ;  Tile  Machines, 
Draining  Tools. 

■(.Garden  Implements, 

(B.)  Manufacturing  Machines.  ‘ 

Of  Systems  of  Machinery^  Tools^  and  Implements^  employed  for  the  un¬ 
dermentioned  purposes. 

a.  Manufacture  o/  f  Machinery  for  the  complete  formation,  from  the  Raw  Mate- 
all  labries  that  f  rial  of  all  fabrics  of  Cotton,  Wool,  Flax,  Hemp,  Silk, 
are  Spun,  Wo-i  Caoutchouc,  Hair,  &c. 
ven.  Felted,  or  |  Paper  Making  and  Staining. 

Itoid,  [.Printing  and  Bookbinding. 


28 


2.  Manufactures  of< 
Metal. 


(■The  Manufacture  of  Metals  from  the  ore  into  bars,  rods, 
wire,  sheets,  and  other  general  forms ;  also,  casting  and 
polishing  of  Metal,  Glass,  &c. 

The  Cutting  and  Working  of  Metals  by  Machine  Tools — 
such  as  Lathes,  Machines  for  planing,  drilling,  boring, 
slitting,  sawing,  stamping,  shearing,  rivetting,  punching,- 
&c. 

Machines  and  Tools  used  by  the  makers  of  Gold,  Silver, 
and  Plated  Goods;  Cutlery  I^ails,  Screws,  Pins,  Needles, 
Buttons,  and  Metallic  Pens,  &c, ;  by  Locksmiths,  Die 
Sinkers,  Furnishing  Ironmongers,  &.c.,  &c. 

3*  Manufactures  of  C  Machines  and  Tools  for  the  Preparation  and  Working  of  all 
Mineral  Sub-)  kinds  of  Stone,  Granite,  Alabaster,  Slate,  Clay,  Gems, 
stances.  (  &c.,  &c. 

("Machines  and  Tools  for  the  Preparation  and  working  of  all 
A.  Manufactures  of  j  kinds  of  Wood. 

Vegetable  Sub-")  Mills,  and  other  Machinery  for  grinding,  crushing,  or  pre- 
stances.  t  paring  Vegetable  Products. 

5.  Manufactures  of^  Machinery  and  Tools  for  Working  in  Horn,  Bone,  Ivory, 
Animal  Substances\  Leather,  &c. 

6.  Machinery  and  Apparatus  for  Brewing,  Distilling,  and  Manufacturing 

Chemistry. 


(C.)  Models  of  Engineerixo  Structures. 

Exhibiting  the  A’pjplication  of  Mechanical  Contrivances. 

1.  Models  of  Bridges,  Viaducts,  Roofs  of  Large  Span,  in  Stone,  Wood,  Iron,&c, 

2.  Models  of  Docks,  Locks,  Lighthouses,  Breakwaters,  Harbors,  Landing 

Piers,  &c. 

Section  3. — Manufactures. 

Manufactures  to  be  exhibited  in  this  Section  must  be  in  their  Finished  state,  as  fit 

for  use. 

.  ,  ,  os.  Plain  and  Figured  in  the 

1,  FABRICS.  (  Cotton,  and  simi-  Loom ;  also  Printed,  Colored,  or 

Embossed,  including — 

Linens,  Canvas — Floor  Cloths, 
Calicoes,  &c.;  Oil  Cloths  of  all 
kinds ;  also.  Lace,  Bobbinet, 
Figured  Lace,  Needlework, 
Embroidery,  Tambouring,  &,c. 
Broad  Cloths — Blankets,  Car¬ 
pets,  Shawls,  Damasks,  Satins, 
Velvets,  Stuffs,  Poplins,  Tabi- 
nets,  Crapes. 

Papers  of  all  kinds.  Plain  and  Or¬ 
namental  Paper-hanging  De¬ 
corations,  Card8,Pasteboard,&c. 

Jold  and  Silver  Plate,  and  Jewel¬ 
lers’  Work  Metal,  Ornaments, 
Metal  Mountains,  Buttons,  Lock- 
2.  MANUFAC-  j  per  and  Zinc  Iron,  smiths’  Work,  Wire  Work,  Gen- 

TURES  INJ  Steel, Lead, Bronze,  ^ as eral  Ironmongery,  Fenders  and 
METALS.  I  Pewter,  Mixed  Me-  Grates  and  Fire  irons.  Bronze 

Lamps,  Britannia  Metal  Wares, 
German  Silver  and  White  Metal  ; 
Cutlery  and  Steel  Ornaments. 


Felted  or  Lard. 


J* From  Flax,  Hemp.' 
1  Cotton,  and  simi- 
1  lar  Vegetable  Sub- 
stances . 

1  f 

j  From  Wool  and  Silk, 

1  and  similar  animal 
Substances . 

1 

'From  Fur  and  Hair, 
and  similar  anin^al 
Substances . 

-  as, 

1  From  Rags  and  Fibre 

1  and  similar  Vege- 
table  Substances. .  _ 

r " 

1 

1  r 

1  Gold  and  Silver,  Cop- 
j  per  and  Zinc  Iron, 

J  Steel, Lead, Bronze,  ^ 
1  Pewter,  Mixed  Me- 
1  tals. 

-as 

1 

1  J 

29 


3,  MANUFACTURES  IN  GLASS,  PORCELAIN,  TERRA  COTTA,  and 
EARTHENWARE  of  all  kinds,  &c. 


1  f  Cabinet  Work  and  Household  Fur- 

4.  MANUFACTURES  FROM  VEG-  f  niture,  Turnery,  Baskets,  Mats, 

ETABLE  SUBS  FANCES — Wood,  !  J  and  Matting,  Cordage  and  Cables 
Straw,  Hemp,  Grass,  Caoutchouc,  j  Straw  Plait,  Utensils  of  every 

Gutta  Percha .  j  kind  in  Caoutchouc  and  Gutta 

J  Percha,  Coopers’  Work,  &c. 


5,  MANUFACTURES  FROM  ANIO 
MAL  SUSTANCES — Ivory,  Bone,  I 
Horn,  Parchment,  Leather,  Shell,  } 
Hair,  Feathers,  and  Bristles . J 


6.  SMALL  WARES  AND  CHEMI-  f 
CAL  COMPOUNDS . I 


['Handles  and  Utensils  of  Horn, 
J  Ivory,  and  Bone  ;  Bookbinding, 

5  Leather  Cases,  Trunks,  Harness, 

Boots  and  Shoes,  Brushes,  &c. 

f  Umbrellas,  Garments,  Artificial 
j  Flowers,  Fringes,  Gimps,  Beads, 

^  and  Toys  :  Confectionary,  Soap, 

I  Candles,  Sealing  Wax  and  Wa- 

fers,  &.C. 


Section  4.— Sculpture,  Models,  and  the  Plastic  Art. 


Objects  formed  in  any  kind  of  material,  if  they  exhibit  such  a  degree  of  taste 
and  skill  as  to  come  under  the  denomination  of  Fine  Art,  may  be  admitted  into 
this  Section. 


I.— .SCULPTURE  AS 
^A  FINE  ART.  { 

I 


(а)  In  Metals,  whether  simple,  as  Gold,  Silver,  Copper, 
Iron,  Zinc,  Lead ;  or  compound,  such  as  Bronze, 
Electrum,  &c. 

(б)  In  Minerals,  whether  simple,  as  Marble  Stone,  Gems, 
Clay,  &c.;  or  in  materials  elaborated  from  them,  as 
Glass,  Porcelain. 

(c)  In  Woods  and  other  Vegetable  Substances. 

(d)  In  Animal  Substances,  such  as  Ivory,  Bone,  Shells, 
Shell-Cameos. 


2.— WORKS  IN  DIE  SINKING  INTAGLIOS. 


C  Whether  Integral  in  Relief,  Co- 

3.  — ARCHITECTURAL  DECORATIONS.^  lor,  or  Adventitious,  as  Stained 

(  Glass,  Tapestry. 

4. — MOSAICS  AND  INLAID  WORK . In  Stone,  Tiles,  Vitrified  Materials, 

Wood,  Metal. 


5.  — ENAMELS .  On  Metals,  China,  Glass. 

6. — MATERIALS  AND  PROCESSES  APPLICABLE  TO  THE  FINE  ARTS 
GENERALLY,  including  Fine  Art  Printing,  Printing  in  Color,  &c.,  &.c. 

7.  — MODELS . In  Architecture,  Topography,  Ana¬ 

tomy. 


conditions  and  limitations. 

All  Spirits,  Wines,  and  Fermented  Liquors,  unless  derived  from  unusual  sources, 
are  inadmissible,  except  in  special  cases,  and  under  special  restrictions  ;  and  when 
Oils,  Spirits,  &c.,  are  exhibited,  to  prevent  accidents,  they  must  be  shown  in  well 
secured  glass  vessels. 

All  highly  inflammable  articles,  such  as  Gunpowder,  Detonating  Powders,  Luci¬ 
fer  Matches,  &c. ;  and  all  Live  Stock,  and  articles  perishable  within  the  duration 
of  the  Exhibition,  are  inadmissible,  unless  specially  excepted. 


30 


Section  1. — Raw  Materials  and  Produce. 

Divison  (A.)  Mineral  Kingdom, 

F  It  is  desirable  that  the  Raw  Materials  should  be  shown  in  connection  with  th® 
produce  of  the  Mineral  Kingdom,  so  as  to  form  a  history  and  explanation  of  the 
processes  employed  to  fit  them  for  the  useful  and  ornamental  purposes  of  life.  The 
Exhibition  would  thus  cocnprehend  (1.)  Illustrations  of  the  various  modes  of  ex¬ 
tracting  and  preparing  the  Raw  Materials  for  Produce  ;  (2.)  Illustrations  of  methods 
of  reducing,  working,  or  combining  Raw  Materials,  so  as  to  obtain  Products 
which  may  afterwards  receive  applications  to  the  useful  or  ornamental  purposes  of 
life. 

The  Specimens  fitted  for  exhibition  should  include  (1.)  only  those  remarkable 
for  their  excellence,  for  novelty  in  their  occurrence  or  application,  or  economy  of 
their  extraction  or  preparation;  or  (2.)  those  remarkable  as  illustrations  of  some 
further  processes  of  Manufacture. 

Division  (B.)  Vegetable  Kingdom. 

The  objects  which  the  Commission  is  most  desirous  of  receiving  among  the  pro¬ 
ducts  of  the  Vegetable  Kingdom,  are  such  as  from  their  utility,  novelty,  or  practi- 
<[5al  interest  may  appear  especially  deserving  public  attention.  Peculiarly  fine  sam¬ 
ples  of  substances  in  common  use;  authenticated  samples  of  substances  having 
similar  properties,  but  derived  from  different  sources — such  as  Arrowroot,  Sago, 
&c.  Dyeing  Materials,  accompanied  by  specimens  exhibiting  the  effect  of  such 
Materials.  Fancy  Wood,  both  in  the  polished,  rough,  and  manufactured  state. 
All  sorts  of  materials,  which  are  applicable  to  the  manufacture  of  linen,  cordage, 
wickerwork,  paper,  and  the  like. 

Nothing,  however,  appears  suitable  to  this  Exhibition  except  such  results  of  hu¬ 
man  industry  as  are  capable  of  being  preserved  without  injury  through  several 
months. 

Division  (C.)  Animal  Kingdom. 

As  Illustrations  in  this  Division,  the  various  Processes  of  Preparation  may  be 
exhibited  in  connection  with  the  Raw  Materials  ;  and  in  some  cases  a  Finished 
Article  may  be  introduced  as  the  termination  of  a  series  of  objects  in  preparatory 
stages . 

Nothing,  however,  appears  suitable  to  this  Exhibition  except  such  results  of  hu¬ 
man  industry  as  are  capable  of  being  preserved  without  injury  through  several 
months. 


Section  (2.) — Machinery. 

Division  (A.)  Machines  for  Direct  Use. 

Machines  will  be  exhibited  in  motion,  whenever  it  may  be  desirable  to  do  so,  and 
it  may  be  found  practicable  to  provide  the  necessary  arrangements  for  that  purpose. 

Division  (B.)  Manufacturing  Machines. 

>  Although  in  arranging  this  class  for  exhibition,  it  will  generally  be  found  advi¬ 
sable  to  separate  the  Products  from  the  Producing  Mechanism  ;  yet  the  latter 
should  always  be  accompanied  with  sufficient  specimens  of  the  Raw  Material,  in  its 
several  stages  of  manufacture,  and  of  the  finished  product,  to  make  the  operation 
of  the  Machinery  intelligible. 

The  complete  series  of  tools  and  machinery  that  belongs  to  the  manufacture  of 
any  object  of  common  use,  such  as  a  watch,  a  button,  or  a  needle,  accompanied  by 
specimens  of  the  object  and  its  parts,  in  their  various  stages  of  progress,  is  so  in¬ 
structive  and  interesting,  that  it  is  very  desirable  to  obtain  several  such  series  for 
the  proposed  Exhibition. 


31 


Section  [3.] — Manufactures. 

Manufactures  to  be  exhibited  in  this  Section  must  be  in  their  Finished  state, 
as  fit  for  use. 

Designs  for  Manufactures  will  be  exhibited  in  the  Section  of  Manufactures. 
All  Articles  to  be  admitted  in  this  Section  must  exhibit  one  or  more  of  the 
following  qualifications: — 

1.  Increased  usefulness,  such  as  permanency  in  dyes;  improved  forms 

and  arrangements  in  articles  of  utility,  &.c. 

2.  Superior  skill  in  Workmanship,  as  in  block-printing,  chasing,  &,c. 

3.  ]\ew  use  of  known  Materials.  • 

4.  Use  of  New  Materials. 

5.  New  Combinations  of  Materials,  as  in  Metal  and  Pottery. 

6.  Beauty  of  Design,  in  form,  or  color,  or  both,  with  reference  to  Utility. 

7.  Cheapness,  relatively  to  excellence  of  Production. 


Section  4. — Sculpture,  Models,  and  the  Plastic  Art. 

Objects  formed  in  any  kind  of  material,  if  they  exhibit  such  a  degree  of  taste 
and  skill  as  to  come  under  the  denomination  of  Fine  Art,  may  be  admitted  into 
this  Section. 

The  Specimens  exhibited  shall  be  works  of  Living  Artists. 

Oil  Paintings  and  Water-Color  Paintings,  Drawings,  and  Engravings,  are 
not  to  be  admitted,  except  as  illustrations  or  examples  of  materials  and  processes  ; 
and  Portrait  Busts  are  not  to  be  admitted. 


FOREIGN  AND  COLONIAL  PRODUCTIONS. 

Arrangements  made  hy  the  Board  of  Customs  to  admit  Foreign  and 
Colonial  Productions  for  the  purposes  of  the  Exhibition  of  1851. 

1st.  That  all  Works  intended  for  the  Exhibition  should,  in  the  first  instance,  be  ad¬ 
mitted  into  this  counrry  without  payment  of  duty  ;  that  the  Goods  should  not  bo 
subject  to  examination  at  the  Waterside,  but  conveyed  to  the  place  of  Exhibition, 
at  the  expense  of  the  Importer,  under  charge  of  proper  officers  of  the  Customs,  * 
to  be  there  opened  by  the  Importer  or  his  Agent,  and  examined  in  the  presence 
of  the  proper  Officer  of  the  Customs,  in  order  to  assess  the  amount  of  duty  which 

-  would  become  payable  thereon  if  sold  in  this  country,  and  such  marks  attached 
thereto  as  may  be  considered  necessary  to  maintain  the  identity  of  the  Goods. 

2nd.  That  the  Goods  brought  for  Exhibition  should  be  considered  as  warehoused, 
under  the  Warehousing  Regulations,  in  the  premises  appointed  for  the  Exhibi¬ 
tion  ;  and  that  security  be  given  in  each  case  for  the  due  re-exportation  of  the 
Goods,  or  payment  of  the  duty  at  the  close  of  the  Exhibition  ; — and  no  Foreign 
Goods  liable  to  duty  to  be  on  any  account  removed  from  the  premises  until  the 
termination  of  the  Exhibition  ;  and  then  only  on  payment  of  the  duty,  or  for  re¬ 
exportation  . 

3rd.  That  Goods  intended  for  Exhibition  should  be  imported  into  one  of  the  follow¬ 
ing  Ports;  viz. — 

London, — Liverpool, — Bristol, — Hull, — Newcastle, — Dover,  — Folkestone, — 
and  Southampton  ;  and  the  Board  of  Customs  to  make  such  regulations,  and  ap¬ 
point  such  Officers  of  the  Department  for  taking  charge  of  the  Goods  at  the 
place  of  Exhibition,  in  communication  with  the  Commission  for  conducting  the 
proceedings,  as  may  be  deemed  essential  for  the  security  of  the  interests  of  the 
Revenue. 


CIRCULAR  LETTER 

Addressed  by  the  Central  Committee  to  the  Governors  of  the  several 

States, 


Rooms  of  the  National  Institute, 

Washington,  June  1850. 

To  his  Excellency  the  Governor  of 

Sir'  We  have  the  honor  to  submit  to  you  the  accompanying  papers, 
from  which  it  will  be  seen  that  the  undersigned  have  been  appointed  a 
Central  Authority,  through  which  alone,  according  to  the  regula¬ 
tions  adopted  by  the  Royal  Commissioners,  the  productions  of  American 
art  and  industry  can  be  recognized  as  entitled  to  admission  at  the  Indus¬ 
trial  Exhibition  to  be  held  at  London,  in  May,  1851. 

Our  object  in  addressing  you,  is  to  request  that  you  will  confer  with 
Socities  and  individuals  in  the  State  of  ,  and  appoint  a 

local  committee,  or  committees,  to  correspond  with  us,  and  to  select,  from 
such  articles  as  may  be  submitted  by  the  citizens  of  your  State,  those 
most  suitable  for  the  Exhibition.  By  this  means  we  shall  better  accom¬ 
plish  the  objects  for  which  we  are  appointed,  and  your  citizens  be  ena¬ 
bled  to  avail  themselves  of  the  advantages  promised  by  the  Exhibition. 

An  early  reply  is  solicited. 

Very  respectfully. 

Your  obedient  servants, 

MILLARD  FILLMORF, 

PETER  FORCE, 

-  JAMES  A.  PEARCE, 

LEVI  WOODBURY, 

LEWIS  WARRINGTON, 

JOSEPH  HENRY, 

WALTER  R.  JOHNSON, 

ALEXANDER  D.  BACHE, 

^  CHARLES  WILKES, 

'  , _ WILLIAM  W.  SEATON, 

'  '  '  JEFFERSON'BAYIJ. 


MATHEW  F.  MAURY,’  — — 

J.  JAMES  GREENOUGH,l  — 

CHARLES  F.  STANSBURY,- - - 

J.  J.  ABERT,  _  _ 

JOSEPH  G.  TOTTEN,  -  _ ^ 

THOMAS  EWBANK,  ^ 

WILLIAM  EASBY,  «  _ 

LEONARD  D.  GALE,  .  - 

JOSEPH  C.  G.  KENNEDY, 

EZRA  C.  SEAMAN,  — 


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